Purpose: Establishment of titanium surface treatment and comparison of surface roughness and osteogenic potential of commercially pure titanium. Materials and Methods: Twenty commercially pure grade 2 titanium disks of similar design and dimensions were divided into two groups. Smooth samples were assigned as control group (Group S). The second group (Group SLA) samples were sand-blasted and etched with different acids. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) at ×500 was performed to observe the surface morphology. The surface roughness of samples was evaluated with surface profilometer. To evaluate the effect of surface treatment, samples from each group underwent cell culture study using human osteosarcoma osteoblast cell lines (HOS). SEM of one sample from each group was performed at ×500 to observe the cell morphology and cell attachment. Results: Sand-blasted and acid-etched (SLA) surface was rougher in comparison to the smooth surface. SEM result of sand-blasted and acid-etched surface (Group SLA) showed that cell sheets were able to adhere inside the valleys suggesting excellent attachment osseointegration to rough surface. Conclusion: This approach to develop sand-blasted and acid-etched surface was successful in uniform distribution of human osteosarcoma osteoblast cell lines (HOS) suggesting excellent osseointegration.

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Context: Dental implants are subjected to a variety of loads when placed in function. The implant dimensions influence the magnitude and profile of stresses within the bone. The greater the magnitude of stress applied to a dental implant system the greater the difference in strain between the implant material and bone. An optimum stress profile is required in order to maintain a strong and healthy bone. Materials and Methods: The design efficacy of the Indigenous titanium Dental implant "INDIDENT" developed by INMAS was studied using finite element stress analysis. Abacus software has been chosen for the analysis and the models are constructed as three-dimensional Solid models. The boundary conditions for each case are same. The amount of load applied is equal for all the cases as 100 N. The study involved the modeling of mandible and the dental implant meshed together. The stress generated was calculated by Finite element method using Abacus software. The different parameters used in this study for FEA simulation were stresses developed due to variation in length and diameter variation. Results and conclusion: The results indicated that the stress concentration and distribution was not effected by the length variation of the Implants. Stress concentration was same at the neck of hole and which can be reduced after suitable chamfering of the hole. The stress distribution on the effect of diameter variation indicates that if the diameter of implant was increased the contact surface also increases and simultaneously stress pattern was reduced.

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Aims: Prospective study to evaluate the increase in bone height following maxillary sinus augmentation using direct and indirect techniques. Settings and Design: The sample was drawn from the patients reporting to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, D. A. Pandu Memorial R. V. Dental College and Hospital, Bangalore, seeking implant options for oral rehabilitation Materials and Methods: Ten patients with unfavorable post-extraction resorptive patterns and increased pneumatization of the maxillary sinus were included for the purpose of study. In all, a total of 22 implants have been placed in maxillary bone with augmented maxillary sinuses. Statistical Analysis Used: Wilcoxon signed ranks test. Results: In the direct technique group, the average increase in median bone height from pre-operative time interval to post-operative time interval was noted to be 9.5 mm and this was statistically significant (P<0.01). Similarly, the average increase in median bone height from preoperative time interval to postoperative time interval in the indirect technique group was noted to be 5.5 mm and this was statistically significant (P<0.01). Conclusions: By the findings of this study, we can safely conclude that the average increase in bone height in the direct technique group was higher (9.5 mm) than the average increase in bone height in the indirect technique group (5.5 mm).

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Computer-aided design/computer-assisted manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology facilitates proper diagnosis, treatment planning and fabrication of a surgical guide template that enables the clinician to plan the implant placement procedure prior to surgical intervention. This development in implant dentistry allows an interdisciplinary approach to patient treatment. The purpose of this review article is to review and analyze the current available literature published on CAD/CAM-based dental implant planning and to provide a detailed discussion on the step-wise procedures involved in using this technology for dental implant planning and placement. Literature published over the past 20 years was selected and reviewed. The advantages and disadvantages associated with CAD/CAM-based dental implant planning were analysed. The various steps involved in fabrication of a CAD/CAM-based surgical guide template, namely, the fabrication of a radiographical template, the computerized tomography scan, implant planning stage and the fabrication of a surgical drill guide, were thoroughly reviewed and discussed. CAD/CAM technology has facilitated flapless surgeries by improvising on pre-surgical planning. Moreover, they have facilitated restoration-driven surgeries by integrating the restorative determinants into the surgical planning. Various clinical reports have demonstrated the use of this system in dental implant planning and in the involved surgical procedure. However, very few studies on the accuracy and reliability of this system have been carried out. Thus, the clinical applicability of this system is still questionable and long-term longitudinal studies are certainly needed before integrating this system into routine practice.

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Demographic trends indicate that clinicians will be treating more edentulous geriatric patients many of whom will be medically compromised. Many such patients seek implant therapy for the purpose of their oral rehabilitation. When a patient is medically compromised, it is a generalized notion that dental implant treatment must be avoided. But in reality, dental implant treatment for such a patient must be curtailed to reduce invasiveness and surgical treatment time. Today's guidelines of pre- and post-implant therapy of such patients have still not been entirely clarified and consequently are not completely clear to dental practioners. This case report emphasizes the importance of diagnosis and its impact on proper treatment planning of both surgical and prosthetic phase of full mouth reconstruction with dental implants in a medically compromised geriatric patient.

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Aggressive periodontitis is the disease affecting the periodontium, leading to rapid attachment and alveolar bone loss in an otherwise systemically healthy individual. The rate of periodontal connective tissue and alveolar bone breakdown is further influenced by hereditary, genetic, and familial compounding factors. This case report highlights the sequential treatment strategy employed to achieve an esthetic and functioning dentition for an aggressive periodontitis patient, involving stabilization of the periodontal condition and preprosthetic site preparation by horizontal ridge augmentation using autogenous mandibular block bone grafting procedure.

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Overdenture treatment provides an esthetic and functional result that allows proper access for hygiene and maintenance. In addition, with their improved strength, zirconia ceramics may be used to restore removable partial denture abutments in areas previously limited to metal or metal-ceramic restorations. The electroforming process makes for a viable, convenient, and economic alternative to cast metal substructures. However, limited data are available on the use of telescopic crowns on implants. Compared with the use of fixed implant-supported dentures, this treatment modality may improve esthetics and oral hygiene access, reduce the need for implants, and provide sufficient denture support in cases where single abutments have failed. Furthermore, the high retention obtained with telescopic crowns leads to good mastication and phonetics.

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Aim: The purpose of the present study is to determine the measure of inflammation of nitric oxide (NO) in healthy dental implants and diseased implants. Materials and Methods: A total 102 subjects constituting of two groups: Tooth and dental implant sites were selected, constituting of healthy and inflamed subgroup. NO levels were spectrophotometrically determined. For comparison Chi square and paired t-test analysis was done. The correlation between NO levels and clinical inflammatory status were analyzed with Spearman's correlation coefficient. Results: Gradual increase in the GCF and PISF volume was exhibited in the inflamed tooth as well implants. The total NO level was significant higher in the inflamed sites (P<0.05) than the non-inflamed sites in both tooth and the implant sites. Conclusion: The PISF (peri-implant sulcus fluid) may have a diagnostic potential for reflecting the biological changes around load-bearing endosseous dental implants.

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Purpose: The purpose of this retrospective study was to determine the success of AIDI dental implants placed in partially or completely edentulous jaws restored with fixed prostheses. Materials and Methods: A total of 413 dental implants were placed between January 2009 and May 2011. Ninety-six dental implants were placed in 15 edentulous jaws of 11 patients (58 dental implants in maxillae and 38 dental implants in mandibles). Forty-six dental implants were placed in 25 anterior partially edentulous jaws of 23 patients. Two hundred and seventy-one dental implants were placed in 66 posterior partially edentulous jaws of 59 patients. The patients included 49 men and 44 women, with a median age of 49.1 years and an age range of 25-80 years at the time of implant surgery. A single implant was placed in 11 jaws (6 maxillae and 5 mandibles), while multiple implants were placed in the other patients. Among the 106 jaws, 15 jaws received full arch rehabilitation and the other jaws were restored with implant-supported fixed partial denture. Results: Among the 413 implants, 6 maxillary implants and 4 mandibular implants were unsuccessful. The success rate for the implants was 97.58% (97.14% in the maxillae and 98.03% in the mandibles). Conclusion: The dental implant was designed to improve initial stability in compromised bone, which makes it a proper implant choice for different clinical applications.

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Aim: The aim of the study is to evaluate the influence of maxillary cortical bone thickness (CBT) and crown prosthesis on stress distribution at bone bone-implant interface in single immediately loaded short and wide wide-diameter implants. Materials and Methods: A three dimensional finite element model of a maxillary posterior section of bone (Type 4) with CBT of 0.5 mm was used in this study. Dental implant of length 7 mm length and diameter 5 mm diameter was modeled and inserted into maxillary models. Porcelain fused to metal (PFM) and acrylics were used for crown prosthesis. A total average occlusal force of 100 N was applied at the central pit of the crown in oblique (15° to the vertical) direction buccolingually. Results: The micro micro-movements and Von Mises stresses were found to be lower for PFM crown than for acrylic crown on the short implant. Conclusion: The peri-implant stresses on the cortical bone were reduced for PFM crown. Short and wide implant can be placed in D4 bone quality with thin CBT under immediately loading protocol using PFM crowns.

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Least consensus is available on implant proprioception, which is the basis of restoring missing teeth with implants, in particular. This is the reason that implants are still not popular in many countries. If we understand the sensory motor function improvement with the implant-supported fixed prosthesis and removable restoration, we can inculcate the implants in our practice more routinely. In the present review many studies are critically evaluated to understand the phenomenon of proprioception for controlling the position and movement of the jaw. This is very important in adjusting the muscular movement accurately to maintain neuromuscular balance. Kinesthetic ability is a muscle memory that can result in precise jaw movements after the tooth loss. It is a proven fact that training can improve this muscle memory and coordination if the neural input is strong. Studies say that the removal of intra-dental and periodontal mechanoception accompanying tooth loss changes are the fine proprioceptive control of jaw function. It can influence the precision of magnitude, direction, and rate of occlusal load application, which can be detrimental to the stomatognathic tissues if not within the physiologic limits. If we provide implant-supported prostheses, which will improve proprioception as compared to tissue-supported prostheses, it will definitely improve the muscle sense and control.

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Advances in medical sciences have brought many patients the gift of longevity of life and we have large percentage of people who are aged and having physiologic, psychologic aging problems. Stomatognathic system is most frequently affected and handicapped with sequelae of oral and dental diseases. Patients are frequently partially dentate or completely edentulous. Restoration of these partially dentate or completely edentulous patients has offered much therapeutic technique. Tissue-integrated supported prosthesis is used effectively to support fixed and removable prosthesis for single and multiple tooth replacements as well as maxillofacial prosthesis. Many patients have been successfully treated with the benefit of tissue-integrated supported prosthesis by permitting diverse prosthodontic treatment. Knowledge regarding the types of complications that can occur with dental procedures is an important aspect of treatment planning, dentistpatient communication, informed consent, and post-treatment care. Success of implant restorations can be described as biologic stability, mechanical stability and hygienic ability. Even though it is not possible to calculate an overall complication incidence for implants and their associated prostheses, there appears to be a greater number of clinical complications associated with implant prostheses than any other types of prostheses evaluated. The purpose of this article is to describe some general mechanical complications that exist during the functional loading phase for other implant systems and prosthesis design for different implant designs.

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